Pressures and threats for individual bird species: Tenth UK Report for Article 12 of the EU Birds Directive (2008-2012)

This dataset records the principal factors responsible for causing individual bird species to decline, suppressing their numbers or restricting their ranges. In accordance with the EU guidelines, It has only been be completed for species triggering SPA classifications. These data were submitted by the UK to the EU as part of the Tenth UK Report for Article 12 of the EU Birds Directive (2008-2012). An EU standardised list of pressures and threats was used for this report. See http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/activities/Reporting/Article_12/reference_portal. The Identifier column is made up of a combination of season (B=breeding, P=passage and W=Wintering) and the standard EU bird codes (NOWAK codes). The relative importance of each of the pressures and threats has been ranked in one of three categories: * H = High importance/impact: Important direct or immediate influence, and/or acting over large areas. * M = Medium importance/impact: Medium direct or immediate influence, mainly indirect influence, and/or acting over moderate part of the area/ regionally only. * L = Low importance/impact: Low direct or immediate influence, indirect influence, and/or acting over small part of the area/ locally only. The reliability of the impact score given in the column "c) Quality of impact assessment": * 3 = Good – e.g. evidence exists from experimental studies showing that the factor has an influence on the species. * 2 = Moderate – e.g. correlational studies strongly indicate that the factor has an influence on the species, but its impact has not been tested. * 1 = Poor – e.g. expert opinion suggests that the factor could plausibly have an influence on the species, but without any evidence. The primary location of each reported impact is shown in the "location" field as follows : * 4 = Inside the Member State * 3 = Elsewhere in the EU * 2 = Outside EU * 1 = Both inside and outside EU * x = Unknown